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Hyderabad rose into prominence and has marked its history with the establishment
of the Qutub Shahi dynasty. Qutub Shah overcame the Bahamani kingdom in 1512 and
built the fortress city of Golconda. However, the fortress city was later
plaqued with epidemic and shortage of water, Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah, the best
remembered king, then venture to establish a new city, and finally founded
Charminar as the center of the Golconda Kingdom with its four streets radiating
towards the four cardinal directions, hence the present location of Hyderabad
today. Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah is a scholar ruler, and at the same time, a
great builder. Under his reign, languages and poetry were encouraged; palaces,
gardens, as well as other magnificent monuments were in bloom. The kingdom's
wealth and strategic location has attracted the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb who
conquered the Golconda kingdom in 1687.
As the Mughal Kingdom declined, Asif Jah I, then the Governor of Deccan,
proclaimed himself the Nizam and founded the Asif Jahi Dynasty in 1724, ruling
independently from the Mughal power. During the colonial period, the Nizam VII
of Hyderabad had signed the allied treaty with the British, making him still
keep his own rule over the state while allowing the British Resident to be
stationed in the city.
At that time, Hyderabad became the largest princely state in India, having
its own currency, postal office, and railway system. Many magnificent buildings
and palaces were built under this reign, retaining the valuable historical
heritages of the city.
Soon after India has received independence from the British, Hyderabad State
was merged with the Union of India. On November 1, 1956, the map of India was
re-demarcated into linguistic states, and Hyderabad became the capital of Andhra
Pradesh.
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